izindaba

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukubhema kuyingozi empilweni yakho.Uma ubuza kahle, kungani ugwayi uyingozi empilweni yakho?Ngikholwa ukuthi abantu abaningi bazocabanga ukuthi “i-nicotine” kugwayi.Ekuqondeni kwethu, "i-nicotine" ayiyona nje ingozi empilweni yabantu, kodwa futhi i-carcinogenic.Kodwa ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Rutgers University eNew Jersey lubonakala luwuchitha umqondo wokuthi “i-nicotine” ibangela umdlavuza.

Ingabe i-nicotine ku-Cigarette iwudala umdlavuza?

I-Nicotine iyingxenye eyinhloko kagwayi futhi ifakwe ohlwini njenge-carcinogen ngochwepheshe abaningi be-oncologist.Kodwa-ke, ayikho i-nicotine ohlwini lwama-carcinogens olushicilelwe yi-World Health Organization.

I-Nicotine ayibangeli umdlavuza.Ingabe ukubhema kuyingozi empilweni “kuwumkhonyovu omkhulu”?

Njengoba i-Rutgers University yaseNew Jersey kanye ne-World Health Organization bengakakuvezi ngokucacile ukuthi “i-nicotine” ibangela umdlavuza, akulona yini iqiniso ukuthi “ukubhema kuyingozi emzimbeni”?

Lutho neze.Nakuba kuthiwa i- nicotine ekugwayi ngeke ibangele ngokuqondile ababhemayo ukuba baphathwe umdlavuza, ukuhogela isikhathi eside kwenani elikhulu le- nicotine kuyoholela ohlotsheni oluthile “lokuncika” nokuluthwa ugwayi, okuyogcina kwandise amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.

Ngokwethebula lokwakhiwa kukagwayi, i-nicotine akuyona ukuphela kwento etholakala kugwayi.Ugwayi uqukethe netiyela ethile, i-benzopyrene nezinye izinto, kanye ne-carbon monoxide, i-nitrite nezinye izinto ezikhiqizwa ngemva kokukhanyisa ugwayi, okuzokwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.

·I-Carbon monoxide

Nakuba i-carbon monoxide kugwayi ingawubambi ngokuqondile umdlavuza, ukungeniswa kwenani elikhulu le-carbon monoxide kungaholela ebusheni babantu.Ngoba i-carbon monoxide izobhubhisa ukudluliselwa komoya-mpilo ngegazi, okuholela esenzweni se-hypoxia emzimbeni womuntu;Ngaphezu kwalokho, izohlangana ne-hemoglobin egazini, okuholela ezimpawu ezinobuthi.

Ukuhogela i-carbon monoxide ngokweqile kuzonyusa okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni.I-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu izokwandisa ingozi ye-atherosclerosis futhi ibangele isifo senhliziyo.

· Benzopyrene

I-World Health Organization ibala i-benzopyrene njenge-carcinogen yekilasi I.Ukudla isikhathi eside ngokweqile kwe-benzopyrene kuzodala ukulimala kwamaphaphu kancane futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

·Tar

Ugwayi uqukethe cishe u-6~8 mg wetiyela.Ithayela line-carcinogenicity ethile.Ukudla isikhathi eside kwetiyela ngokweqile kuzodala umonakalo wamaphaphu, kuthinte ukusebenza kwamaphaphu futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

· I-nitrous acid

Ugwayi uzokhiqiza inani elithile le-nitrous acid lapho uvutha.Kodwa-ke, i-nitrite sekuyisikhathi eside ihlukaniswa njenge-class I carcinogen ngobani.Ukudla isikhathi eside kwe-nitrite ngokweqile kuzothinta impilo futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza.

Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, siyazi ukuthi nakuba i-nicotine ingawubangeli umdlavuza ngokuqondile, ukubhema isikhathi eside kusazokwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.Ngakho-ke, ukubhema kuyingozi empilweni futhi akuyona "ukukhwabanisa okukhulu".

Empilweni, iningi labantu likholelwa ukuthi "ukubhema = umdlavuza".Ukubhema isikhathi eside kuzokwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanti abangabhemi ngeke baphathwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu.Akunjalo.Abantu abangabhemi akusho ukuthi ngeke babe nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo yababhemayo.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi aphathwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu uma kuqhathaniswa nabangabhemi?

Ngokwezibalo ze-International Cancer Research Institute yeWorld Health Organisation, ngonyaka ka-2020 kuphela, kwaba nezigameko ezintsha ezibalelwa ku-820000 zomdlavuza wamaphaphu eChina.I-British Cancer Research Institute ithole ukuthi amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu anyuke ngo-25% kwababhemayo abavamile, futhi ngo-0.3% kuphela kwabangabhemi.

Ngakho-ke kwababhemayo, kwenzeka kanjani ukuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu isinyathelo ngesinyathelo?

Sizomane sihlukanise iminyaka yababhemayo: iminyaka engu-1-2 yokubhema;Ukubhema iminyaka engu-3-10;Ukubhema iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10.

Iminyaka engu-01 yokubhema iminyaka engu-1 ~ 2

Uma ubhema iminyaka emi-2, amachashaza amancane amnyama azovela kancane kancane emaphashini ababhemayo.Ibangelwa ikakhulukazi izinto eziyingozi ezikugwayi ezikhangiswe emaphashini, kodwa amaphaphu asaphilile ngalesi sikhathi.Uma nje uyeka ukubhema kusenesikhathi, umonakalo emaphashini ungase uhlehliswe.

Iminyaka engu-02 yokubhema iminyaka engu-3–10

Lapho kuvela amachashaza amancane amnyama emaphashini, uma ungakakwazi ukuyeka ukubhema kusenesikhathi, izinto eziyingozi kugwayi zizoqhubeka “zihlasela” amaphaphu, zenze amachashazi amnyama ayanda emaphashini avele emashidini.Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphaphu aye alinyazwa kancane kancane yizinto eziyingozi futhi alahlekelwa ubungqabavu bawo.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kwababhemayo bendawo kuzokwehla kancane kancane.

Uma uyeka ukubhema ngalesi sikhathi, amaphaphu akho ngeke akwazi ukubuyela ekubukekeni kwawo okunempilo kwasekuqaleni.Kodwa ungayeka ukuvumela amaphaphu abe mabi kakhulu.

03 ebhema iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10

Ngemva kokubhema iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu, “Siyakuhalalisela” iye yashintsha isuka ebomvu futhi egcwele iphaphu yaba “iphaphu lekhabhoni elimnyama”, elilahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukunwebeka kwalo.Kungase kube khona ukukhwehlela, i-dyspnea nezinye izimpawu ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, futhi ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingamakhulu kunaleyo yabangabhemi.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, yena Jie, isazi se-Chinese Academy of Sciences kanye noMongameli weSibhedlela Somdlavuza we-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, wake wathi ukubhema isikhathi eside ngeke nje kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa futhi izinto eziyingozi kugwayi zizolimaza i-DNA yomuntu futhi zibangele izinguquko zofuzo, ngaleyo ndlela zandise ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo, umdlavuza we-laryngeal, umdlavuza we-rectal, umdlavuza wesisu kanye neminye imidlavuza.

Isiphetho: Ngokuqukethwe ngenhla, ngikholwa ukuthi sinokuqonda okwengeziwe ngokulimala kukagwayi emzimbeni womuntu.Ngithanda ukukhumbuza abantu abathanda ukubhema lapha ukuthi umonakalo odalwa wugwayi akuwona owesikhathi sangempela, kodwa udinga ukunqwabelana isikhathi eside.Lapho iminyaka yokubhema iqhubeka, kuba mkhulu umonakalo emzimbeni womuntu.Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yempilo yabo neyemikhaya yabo, kufanele bayeke ukubhema ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.